Sussex Branch

Butterfly Species in Sussex

Description

Not so very long ago this species was widespread and common throughout the county. Sadly, there has been a very serious decline in the Small Tortoiseshell’s fortunes, which has occurred for many reasons. One of those reasons is a parasitic tachinid fly called Sturmia Bella which arrived from mainland Europe around twenty years ago and is responsible for the death of its host at the pupal stage of the breeding cycle. Another reason appears to be phenological, for with earlier springs (due to global warming) the egg-laying female (in June/July) struggles to find the short, succulent Common Nettles that she requires.

A few hibernating adults emerge in January or February but most of us will not see one until March or April. There are usually two broods, the first adults emerging in June and July, and in good years a more numerous brood from August to mid-October. Just 15-20 years ago it wasn’t unusual for our garden Buddleias to be covered in Small Tortoiseshells in late summer, but not anymore.

Where to find

Somewhat less predictable compared to yesteryear, but four sites are worth a visit, along the Cuckmere River between Litlington and Alfriston at TV520025, Ferring Rife (TQ091015 to TQ089024), Steep Down near Sompting (TQ162079 to TQ168079 and TQ166076), and in the autumn, Herstmonceux Castle at TV645105.

Image gallery

Small Tortoiseshell nectaring on a purple Hebe – photo by Martin Kalaher

Nectaring on Plum blossom

Nectaring on Coltsfoot

Nectaring on Dames Violet

Nectaring on Field Scabious

Exploring a Nettle patch

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More information

Butterfly Conservation Small Tortoiseshell